All Rights

Fundamental Rights

Right to Equality

Article 14 guarantees equality before the law and equal protection of the laws to all persons within the territory of India.

Document Information:

Published: 26 January 1950

Source: Constitution of India, Government of India

Last Amended: 2019

Details:

The Right to Equality is enshrined in Articles 14-18 of the Indian Constitution. It includes equality before the law, prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth, equality of opportunity in matters of public employment, abolition of untouchability and abolition of titles.

Fundamental Rights

Right to Freedom

Articles 19-22 guarantee certain freedoms including freedom of speech and expression, assembly, association, movement, residence, and profession.

Document Information:

Published: 26 January 1950

Source: Constitution of India, Government of India

Last Amended: 2019

Details:

The Right to Freedom includes six fundamental freedoms: freedom of speech and expression, freedom of assembly, freedom of association, freedom of movement, freedom of residence, and freedom of profession. These rights are subject to reasonable restrictions that may be imposed by the State.

Fundamental Rights

Right Against Exploitation

Articles 23-24 prohibit human trafficking, forced labor, and child employment in hazardous jobs.

Document Information:

Published: 26 January 1950

Source: Constitution of India, Government of India

Last Amended: 2016

Details:

The Right Against Exploitation prohibits trafficking in human beings, forced labor (begar), and employment of children below 14 years in factories, mines, and other hazardous occupations.

Fundamental Rights

Right to Freedom of Religion

Articles 25-28 provide religious freedom to all citizens and ensures a secular state in India.

Document Information:

Published: 26 January 1950

Source: Constitution of India, Government of India

Last Amended: 1977

Details:

The Right to Freedom of Religion guarantees freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion, freedom to manage religious affairs, freedom from taxation for promotion of any religion, and freedom from religious instruction in certain educational institutions.

Fundamental Rights

Cultural and Educational Rights

Articles 29-30 protect the interests of minorities by preserving their culture, language and script.

Document Information:

Published: 26 January 1950

Source: Constitution of India, Government of India

Last Amended: 2012

Details:

Cultural and Educational Rights protect the rights of minorities to conserve their language, script, and culture, and establish and administer educational institutions of their choice.

Fundamental Rights

Right to Constitutional Remedies

Article 32 provides the right to move the Supreme Court for enforcement of Fundamental Rights.

Document Information:

Published: 26 January 1950

Source: Constitution of India, Government of India

Last Amended: 2015

Details:

The Right to Constitutional Remedies empowers citizens to approach the Supreme Court directly for the enforcement of their Fundamental Rights. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar called it 'the heart and soul of the Constitution'.

Fundamental Rights

Right to Education

Article 21A provides free and compulsory education to all children between the ages of 6 and 14 years.

Document Information:

Published: 4 August 2009

Source: Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India

Last Amended: 2019

Details:

The Right to Education was added to the Constitution through the 86th Amendment Act, 2002. It makes education a fundamental right for all children between 6-14 years of age.

Consumer Rights

Consumer Protection Act

Protects consumers against defective goods, deficient services, unfair trade practices, and the right to seek redressal.

Document Information:

Published: 9 August 2019

Source: Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution, Government of India

Last Amended: 2020

Details:

The Consumer Protection Act, 2019 replaced the earlier Act of 1986 to provide better protection of consumers' interests. It established the Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) to regulate matters relating to violation of consumer rights, unfair trade practices, and false or misleading advertisements.

Right to Information

Right to Information Act

Empowers citizens to request information from a public authority, promoting transparency and accountability.

Document Information:

Published: 15 June 2005

Source: Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India

Last Amended: 2019

Details:

The Right to Information Act, 2005 mandates timely response to citizen requests for government information. It aims to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority.

Women's Rights

Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act

Provides protection to women from domestic violence and abuse within the family.

Document Information:

Published: 13 September 2005

Source: Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India

Last Amended: 2013

Details:

The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 provides protection to women against domestic violence, including physical, sexual, verbal, emotional, and economic abuse. It allows women to seek protection orders, residence orders, custody orders, and compensation orders.

Women's Rights

Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Act

Protects women from sexual harassment at the workplace and provides a mechanism for redressal of complaints.

Document Information:

Published: 23 April 2013

Source: Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India

Last Amended: 2016

Details:

The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 aims to provide protection against sexual harassment of women at the workplace and for the prevention and redressal of complaints of sexual harassment.

Women's Rights

Maternity Benefit Act

Provides maternity leave and benefits to women employees during pregnancy and after childbirth.

Document Information:

Published: 27 March 2017

Source: Ministry of Labour and Employment, Government of India

Last Amended: 2017

Details:

The Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act, 2017 increased the duration of paid maternity leave from 12 weeks to 26 weeks. It also introduced provisions for work from home options and creche facilities.

Labour Law

Minimum Wages Act

Ensures payment of minimum wages to workers in various sectors as fixed by the government.

Document Information:

Published: 15 March 1948

Source: Ministry of Labour and Employment, Government of India

Last Amended: 2017

Details:

The Minimum Wages Act, 1948 provides for fixing minimum rates of wages in certain employments. The minimum wages are reviewed and revised periodically by the Central and State Governments.

Labour Law

Payment of Wages Act

Regulates the payment of wages to certain classes of employed persons without unauthorized deductions.

Document Information:

Published: 23 April 1936

Source: Ministry of Labour and Employment, Government of India

Last Amended: 2017

Details:

The Payment of Wages Act, 1936 ensures timely payment of wages to employees and prevents unauthorized deductions from their wages.

Labour Law

Equal Remuneration Act

Provides for equal pay for equal work for both men and women workers.

Document Information:

Published: 11 February 1976

Source: Ministry of Labour and Employment, Government of India

Last Amended: 1987

Details:

The Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 provides for the payment of equal remuneration to men and women workers for the same work or work of a similar nature and prevents discrimination on the ground of sex against women in employment.

Cyber Law

Information Technology Act

Provides legal recognition for transactions carried out by means of electronic data interchange and other means of electronic communication.

Document Information:

Published: 9 June 2000

Source: Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India

Last Amended: 2008

Details:

The Information Technology Act, 2000 provides legal recognition to electronic documents and digital signatures. It also defines cyber crimes and prescribes penalties for them.

Cyber Law

Data Protection Laws

Protects personal data and provides for privacy rights of individuals in the digital space.

Document Information:

Published: 11 April 2011

Source: Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India

Last Amended: 2021

Details:

India is in the process of enacting a comprehensive data protection law. Currently, the Information Technology (Reasonable Security Practices and Procedures and Sensitive Personal Data or Information) Rules, 2011 provide some protection for personal data.