Fundamental Rights

Right to Equality

Article 14 guarantees equality before the law and equal protection of the laws to all persons within the territory of India.

Document Information:

Published: 26 January 1950

Source: Constitution of India, Government of India

Last Amended: 2019

Details:

The Right to Equality is enshrined in Articles 14-18 of the Indian Constitution. It includes equality before the law, prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth, equality of opportunity in matters of public employment, abolition of untouchability and abolition of titles.

Fundamental Rights

Right to Freedom

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Articles 19-22 guarantee certain freedoms including freedom of speech and expression, assembly, association, movement, residence, and profession.

Document Information:

Published: 26 January 1950

Source: Constitution of India, Government of India

Last Amended: 2019

Details:

The Right to Freedom includes six fundamental freedoms: freedom of speech and expression, freedom of assembly, freedom of association, freedom of movement, freedom of residence, and freedom of profession. These rights are subject to reasonable restrictions that may be imposed by the State.

Fundamental Rights

Right Against Exploitation

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Articles 23-24 prohibit human trafficking, forced labor, and child employment in hazardous jobs.

Document Information:

Published: 26 January 1950

Source: Constitution of India, Government of India

Last Amended: 2016

Details:

The Right Against Exploitation prohibits trafficking in human beings, forced labor (begar), and employment of children below 14 years in factories, mines, and other hazardous occupations.

Fundamental Rights

Right to Freedom of Religion

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Articles 25-28 provide religious freedom to all citizens and ensures a secular state in India.

Document Information:

Published: 26 January 1950

Source: Constitution of India, Government of India

Last Amended: 1977

Details:

The Right to Freedom of Religion guarantees freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion, freedom to manage religious affairs, freedom from taxation for promotion of any religion, and freedom from religious instruction in certain educational institutions.

Fundamental Rights

Cultural and Educational Rights

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Articles 29-30 protect the interests of minorities by preserving their culture, language and script.

Document Information:

Published: 26 January 1950

Source: Constitution of India, Government of India

Last Amended: 2012

Details:

Cultural and Educational Rights protect the rights of minorities to conserve their language, script, and culture, and establish and administer educational institutions of their choice.

Fundamental Rights

Right to Constitutional Remedies

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Article 32 provides the right to move the Supreme Court for enforcement of Fundamental Rights.

Document Information:

Published: 26 January 1950

Source: Constitution of India, Government of India

Last Amended: 2015

Details:

The Right to Constitutional Remedies empowers citizens to approach the Supreme Court directly for the enforcement of their Fundamental Rights. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar called it 'the heart and soul of the Constitution'.

Fundamental Rights

Right to Education

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Article 21A provides free and compulsory education to all children between the ages of 6 and 14 years.

Document Information:

Published: 4 August 2009

Source: Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India

Last Amended: 2019

Details:

The Right to Education was added to the Constitution through the 86th Amendment Act, 2002. It makes education a fundamental right for all children between 6-14 years of age.